M. Studeny: Characterization of inclusion neighbourhood in terms of the essential graph: upper neighbours. In Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (T. D. Nielsen, L. N. Zhang eds.), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2711, Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg 2003, pp. 161-172.

Abstract
The problem of efficient characterization of inclusion neighbourhood is crucial in some methods for learning (equivalence classes) of Bayesian networks. In this paper, neighbouring equivalence classes of a given equivalence class of Bayesian networks are characterized efficiently by means of the respective essential graph. The characterization reveals hidden internal structure of the inclusion neighbourhood. More exacly, upper neighbours, that is, those neighbouring equivalence classes which describe more independencies, are completely characterized here. First, every upper neighbour is characterized by a pair ([a,b],C) where [a,b] is an edge in the essential graph and C a disjoint set of nodes. Second, if [a,b] is fixed, the class of sets C which characterize the respective neighbours is a tuft of sets determined by its least set and the list of its maximal sets. These sets can be read directly from the essential graph.

AMS classification 68T30, 62H05

Keywords
(Markov) equivalence of Bayesian networks
learning Bayesian networks
essential graph
inclusion neighbourhood
upper neighbours
tuft of sets

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The paper partially builds on the following papers: